Have we truly explored all the secrets of the ancient world? Recent findings suggest otherwise. Archaeologists have unveiled a stunning **discovery** near the famed Nazca Lines in Peru, where **artificial intelligence** has played a pivotal role in identifying previously unknown geoglyphs. This breakthrough raises intriguing questions about the methods and technologies used in archaeological research.

• The extent of the newly discovered geoglyphs, which nearly double the known figures at the site.
• The collaboration between researchers and AI technologies in making these discoveries possible.
• The implications of this discovery for our understanding of historical cultures in the region.

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Utilizing artificial intelligence, researchers have successfully uncovered numerous new geoglyphs, featuring animals like parrots, cats, and monkeys, along with some surprising depictions such as killer whales and even decapitated heads, in proximity to the famed Nazca Lines in Peru.

• These findings nearly double the known figures at this 2,000-year-old archaeological site.
• Collaborative efforts from the Yamagata University’s Nazca Institute and IBM Research led to the identification of 303 geoglyphs previously unknown to researchers.

Dating back to 200 BC, these new geoglyphs shed light on the cultural evolution from the Paracas culture to the subsequent Nazca civilization, known for creating iconic figures such as the hummingbird, monkey, and whale.

• The Nazca Lines are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and attract numerous tourists, making it a notable attraction after Machu Picchu.

Johny Isla, the lead archaeologist for the Nazca Lines, emphasized the advancements brought by drone technology, stating, “With a drone, you can cover several kilometers in a day.”

The integration of AI has revolutionized geoglyph mapping, significantly increasing the speed and precision of the research process, as noted by archaeologist Masato Sakai:

• AI technology, alongside low-flying drones, greatly accelerated the discovery process.
• Research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences highlighted this progress.

The findings revealed that:

1. It took almost a century to document a total of 430 figurative Nazca geoglyphs.
2. In stark contrast, the implementation of AI allowed for the identification of 303 new figurative geoglyphs within just six months.

The AI system adeptly detected many smaller, relief-type geoglyphs that were often too subtle to identify visually, and it efficiently processed extensive geospatial data from drone images to pinpoint potential areas for further discoveries.

Isla remarked on the profound changes brought about by the combination of drone technology and AI in archaeological fieldwork:

• Tasks that previously required three to four years can now be completed in two to three days.
• The newly discovered geoglyphs, measuring between three to seven meters across, would likely have eluded previous survey efforts that focused on the larger, prominent figures.

The Nazca Lines include various enigmatic designs that draw countless visitors each year, featuring:

• A humanoid figure dubbed the “astronaut”
• Animal representations
• Intricate geometric patterns such as spirals and trapezoids that extend for miles.

Isla noted that these smaller geoglyphs were likely created by humans for human purposes, often illustrating scenes of daily life:

• In contrast, the larger Nazca geoglyphs were monumental figures designed to be visible to their deities.
• The earlier, smaller geoglyphs may have served as markers or represented familial ties but likely did not possess the same ceremonial significance associated with water and fertility that characterized the later, larger geoglyphs.

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The recent AI-assisted research in the Nazca Desert has nearly doubled the number of known Nazca geoglyphs, identifying 303 previously unknown figurative geoglyphs between September 2022 and February 2023.

• Of these, 178 geoglyphs were suggested by the AI model, and 125 were additional discoveries found through fieldwork.
• The AI model proposed over 47,000 potential sites, with researchers identifying one viable candidate for every AI-generated suggestion evaluated.

• Prior to the AI-assisted research, it took almost a century to document a total of 430 figurative Nazca geoglyphs.
• In contrast, the implementation of AI allowed for the identification of 303 new figurative geoglyphs within just six months.

• The integration of AI, computer vision, and remote sensing has significantly accelerated the discovery process in archaeology.
• AI models are now used to analyze high-resolution images and detect potential excavation sites, especially in inaccessible or remote areas.
• Drone technology, combined with AI, has revolutionized geoglyph mapping, increasing the speed and precision of the research process.
• Tasks that previously required three to four years can now be completed in two to three days.

• The Global Remote Sensing Technology Market, which is crucial for archaeological discoveries, was valued at USD 16,744.26 million in 2023.
• It is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.3%, generating USD 42,340.89 million during the forecast period 2024–2032.

• Masato Sakai, an archaeology professor at Yamagata University, noted that the application of AI was a ‘game changer,’ significantly reducing the labor involved in narrowing down their search and allowing for more targeted fieldwork.
• Jambajantsan, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Anthropology, emphasized that while AI is fantastic, human expertise remains essential, and there is a need for archaeologists to develop skills in machine learning and data science.
• The use of AI is expected to continue enhancing archaeological research, with improvements in explainability of AI models and integration with traditional methods likely to lead to more dynamic and insightful exploration of cultural heritage.

Researchers have utilized artificial intelligence to uncover numerous new geoglyphs near the famous Nazca Lines in Peru. This includes depictions of animals such as parrots, cats, and monkeys, as well as surprising figures like killer whales and decapitated heads. These findings nearly doubled the number of known geoglyphs at this 2,000-year-old archaeological site.

A collaboration between Yamagata University’s Nazca Institute and IBM Research led to the identification of 303 geoglyphs previously unknown to researchers, showcasing the efficiency of AI in archaeological discovery.

The newly discovered geoglyphs date back to 200 BC and provide insights into the cultural evolution from the Paracas culture to the Nazca civilization. This evolution includes the creation of iconic figures like the hummingbird and monkey, emphasizing the geoglyphs’ significance in understanding ancient cultures.

According to Johny Isla, the lead archaeologist, drone technology allows researchers to cover extensive areas swiftly. The integration of AI into the research process has revolutionized geoglyph mapping, significantly increasing the speed and precision of discoveries.

Traditionally, it took almost a century to document 430 figurative Nazca geoglyphs. In contrast, the use of AI enabled the identification of 303 new figurative geoglyphs within just six months, demonstrating a remarkable efficiency improvement in archaeological methods.

The combination of drone technology and AI has drastically reduced the time required for fieldwork. Tasks that previously took three to four years can now be completed in two to three days, enhancing productivity significantly.

The Nazca Lines encompass a variety of enticing designs, which attract numerous visitors each year, including:

• A humanoid figure known as the “astronaut”
• Animal representations
• Intricate geometric patterns such as spirals and trapezoids extending for miles

The smaller geoglyphs are believed to have been created for human purposes, often depicting scenes from daily life. In contrast, the larger Nazca geoglyphs were monumental figures designed for visibility to their deities, holding different cultural significance.

The earlier, smaller geoglyphs may have served as markers or represented familial connections, though they likely did not carry the same ceremonial significance associated with water and fertility found in the later, larger geoglyphs.

The Nazca Lines are recognized for their cultural and historical importance, attracting numerous tourists each year and serving as a notable attraction after Machu Picchu. Their unique designs provide significant insights into the civilizations that created them, showcasing the importance of preserving such heritage.